As we observe forms, we do not see lines - we see edges or contours of forms that are linear. As the subject moves and the viewer's position changes, other aspects of the form with new edges, or contours, are revealed. Lines that delineate the edges of forms, separating each shape, volume, or area from neighboring ones, are termed contour lines. Contour drawings are highly descriptive and show the extreme edges of a shape, form, or object, depicting it as a separate from its adjacent or neighboring forms and/or spaces.
Henry Matisse, Magnolia, 1900. pen and ink on paper. 20.9 x 25.7 cm.
Henry Matisse, Artists Hand Holding Fruit. 1944
Henri Gaudier-Brzeska (1891-1915; French). Standing Female from the Back
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Contour and Line Variation
The swelling and tapering characteristics of line serve as highly descriptive contours as well providing
information about the spatial relationships of forms in space. A continuous contour line of uniform width and weight results in a two-dimensional effect. By introducing variations in thickness and weight, you can make a line appear to advance and recede dynamically in space, creating the illusion of three-dimensional forms.
Line variations result from changes in hand pressure and the movement of the drawing tools (thick, thin, sharp, graceful lines). Dark and light lines in the same drawing can read differently in terms of spatial dynamics. Dark heavy line project outward because of their boldness. Lighter lines drift into the the distance of the picture plane.
Peter Paul Rubens, Study of Cows. 1577-1640. Pen and ink, 34 x 52.1 cm
John Cohen, Roots in Tension, 1954, brush and ink
John Cohen, Roots in Tension, 1954, brush and ink
Arnold Bittleman, Slouching Shoe, 1955, graphite pencil
Lost and Found Edges
The visible edges of contours are not always seen, depending on the quality of light and the object's relationship to surrounding forms. Omitting or dramatically fading a line in a drawing can become a highly useful tool in a drawing.
Jennifer Packer
Mario II, 2011
John Deom, Self-Portrait. 1987. Graphite on paper.
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